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  • BigQuery
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Overview Guides Reference Samples Resources
Google Cloud Documentation
  • Technology areas
    • More
    • Overview
    • Guides
    • Reference
    • Samples
    • Resources
  • Cross-product tools
    • More
  • Console
  • Discover
  • Product overview
  • Try BigQuery using the sandbox
  • Get started
  • Console walkthroughs and videos
  • Use the console
    • Explore the console
    • Load and query data
    • Use Notebook gallery
    • Create reservations
    • Try DataFrames
  • Use agents
    • Analyze data with the Colab Data Science Agent
  • Use the bq CLI tool
  • Use the client libraries
  • Plan
  • Introduction to the resource hierarchy
  • API dependencies
  • Datasets
    • Introduction
    • Create datasets
    • List datasets
    • Cross-region replication
    • Managed disaster recovery
    • Migrate to managed disaster recovery
    • Dataset data retention
  • Tables
    • BigQuery tables
      • Introduction
      • Create and use tables
      • Specify table schemas
        • Specify a schema
        • Specify nested and repeated columns
        • Specify default column values
        • Specify ObjectRef values
      • Segment with partitioned tables
        • Introduction
        • Create partitioned tables
        • Manage partitioned tables
        • Query partitioned tables
      • Optimize with clustered tables
        • Introduction
        • Create clustered tables
        • Manage clustered tables
        • Query clustered tables
      • Use metadata indexing
    • External data sources
      • Introduction
      • BigLake tables
        • Introduction
        • Create Amazon S3 BigLake tables
        • Create Azure Blob storage BigLake tables
        • Create Cloud Storage BigLake tables
      • Object tables
        • Introduction
        • Create Cloud Storage object tables
      • External tables
        • Introduction
        • Create Apache Iceberg external tables
        • Create Bigtable external tables
        • Create Cloud Storage external tables
        • Create Google Drive external tables
      • Use metadata caching
      • Manage Hive partitioned data
      • Create a table definition file for external data
      • Federated datasets
        • Create and manage AWS Glue federated datasets
        • Create Spanner external datasets
    • Apache Iceberg managed tables
    • Interact with Lakehouse data
  • Views
    • Overview
    • Logical views
      • Introduction
      • Create logical views
    • Materialized views
      • Introduction
      • Create materialized views
  • Load, transform, and export
  • Introduction
  • Build a data pipeline with Data Engineering Agent
  • Migrate data
    • Introduction
    • Migration assessment
    • Migrate schema and data
    • Migrate data pipelines
    • Use custom organization policies
    • Migrate SQL
      • Translate SQL queries interactively
      • Translate SQL queries using the API
      • Translate SQL queries in batch
      • Generate metadata for translation and assessment
      • Transform SQL translations with YAML
      • Map SQL object names for batch translation
  • Load data
    • Introduction
    • Create data integration workflows using the BigQuery web UI
    • Storage overview
    • BigQuery Data Transfer Service
      • Introduction
      • Supported data sources
      • Data location and transfers
      • Authorize transfers
      • Enable transfers
      • Set up network connections
        • Cloud SQL instance access
        • AWS VPN and network attachment
        • Azure VPN and network attachment
      • Manage transfers
      • Transfer run notifications
      • Troubleshoot transfer configurations
      • Use service accounts
      • Use third-party transfers
      • Use custom organization policies
      • Data source change log
      • Event-driven transfers
      • Transfer data into Managed Iceberg tables
    • Batch load data
      • Introduction
      • Auto-detect schemas
      • Load Avro data
      • Load Parquet data
      • Load ORC data
      • Load CSV data
      • Load JSON data
      • Load externally partitioned data
      • Load data from a Datastore export
      • Load data from a Firestore export
      • Load data using the Storage Write API
      • Load data into partitioned tables
    • Write and read data with the Storage API
      • Read data with the Storage Read API
      • Write data with the Storage Write API
        • Introduction
        • Use the Storage Write API (gRPC)
          • Overview
          • Stream data
          • Batch load data
          • Stream updates with change data capture ingestion
          • Best practices
          • Supported protocol buffer and Arrow data types
        • Use the Storage Write API (REST)
    • Load data from other Google services
    • Discover and catalog Cloud Storage data
    • Load data using third-party apps
    • Load data using BigQuery Omni operations
    • Optimize load jobs
  • Transform data
    • Introduction
    • Prepare data
      • Introduction
      • Prepare data with Gemini
    • Transform with DML
    • Transform data in partitioned tables
    • Work with change history
    • Transform data with pipelines
      • Introduction
      • Create pipelines
  • Export data
    • Introduction
    • Export query results
    • Export to Cloud Storage
    • Export to Bigtable
    • Export to Spanner
    • Export to AlloyDB
    • Export to Pub/Sub
    • Export as Protobuf columns
  • ELT tutorials
    • Build ELT for marketing analytics data
  • Analyze
  • Introduction
  • Explore your data
    • Search for resources
    • Profile your data
    • Data insights
      • About data insights
      • Generate table insights
      • Generate dataset insights
    • Analyze with a data canvas
    • Analyze data with Gemini
    • Analyze data with the Gemini CLI
  • Analyze your data
    • Run a query
    • Write queries with Gemini
    • Write query results
    • Query data with SQL
      • Introduction
      • Arrays
      • JSON data
      • Multi-statement queries
      • Parameterized queries
      • Pipe syntax
      • Analyze data using pipe syntax
      • Recursive CTEs
      • Sketches
      • Table sampling
      • Time series
      • Transactions
      • Wildcard tables
    • Use notebooks
      • Introduction
      • Use Colab notebooks
        • Introduction
        • Create notebooks
        • Explore query results
        • Visualize query results
        • Create and share Data Apps
        • Use Spark
        • Use Colab Data Science Agent
    • Use DataFrames
      • Introduction
      • Install DataFrames
      • Manipulate data
      • Customize Python functions
      • Use ML and AI
      • Use the data type system
      • Manage sessions and I/O
      • Visualize graphs
      • Use DataFrames in dbt
      • Optimize performance
      • Migrate to DataFrames version 2.0
      • Use the BigQuery JupyterLab plugin
    • Use geospatial analytics
      • Introduction
      • Work with geospatial analytics
      • Work with raster data
      • Best practices for spatial analysis
      • Visualize geospatial data
      • Grid systems for spatial analysis
      • Geospatial analytics syntax reference
      • Geospatial analytics tutorials
        • Get started with geospatial analytics
        • Use geospatial analytics to plot a hurricane's path
        • Visualize geospatial analytics data in a Colab notebook
        • Use raster data to analyze temperature
    • Routines
      • Introduction
      • Manage routines
      • User-defined functions
      • User-defined functions in Python
      • User-defined aggregate functions
      • Table functions
      • Remote functions
      • SQL stored procedures
      • Stored procedures for Apache Spark
      • Analyze object tables by using remote functions
      • Remote functions and Translation API tutorial
    • Analyze multimodal data
      • Introduction
      • Work with ObjectRef values
      • Analyze multimodal data with SQL and BigQuery DataFrames
    • Search indexes
      • Introduction
      • Manage search indexes
      • Search indexed data
      • Work with text analyzers
    • Run global queries
    • Access historical data
    • Use open source Python libraries
  • Use BigQuery Graph
    • Introduction
    • Create and query a graph
    • Schema overview
    • Query overview
    • Query best practices
    • Work with measures
    • Use the visual graph modeler
    • Visualize graphs
    • Chat with a graph
    • Work with visualization tools and integrations
    • Use BigQuery Graph and Spanner Graph
    • Search a graph
  • Manage queries
    • Save queries
      • Introduction
      • Create saved queries
    • Continuous queries
      • Introduction
      • Create continuous queries
      • Use stream-to-stream joins in continuous queries
      • Understand window aggregation in continuous queries
    • Use cached results
    • Use sessions
      • Introduction
      • Work with sessions
      • Write queries in sessions
    • Troubleshoot queries
    • Optimize queries
      • Introduction
      • Use the query plan explanation
      • Get query performance insights
      • Optimize query computation
      • Use history-based optimizations
      • Optimize storage for query performance
      • Use materialized views
      • Use BI Engine
      • Use nested and repeated data
      • Optimize functions
      • Use the advanced runtime
      • Use primary and foreign keys
    • Paginate with the BigQuery API
  • Query external data sources
    • Establish connections
      • Introduction
      • Create connections
        • Create a Cloud resource connection
        • Create a default Cloud resource connection
        • AlloyDB connections
        • Amazon S3 connections
        • Apache Spark connections
        • Azure Blob Storage connections
        • Cloud SQL connections
        • SAP Datasphere connections
        • Spanner connections
        • Create cross-cloud connections
      • Manage connections
      • Configure connections with network attachments
    • Run queries on external data
      • Query BigLake tables
        • Amazon S3 BigLake tables
        • Azure Blob storage BigLake tables
        • Cloud Storage BigLake tables